ࡱ> ` jbjb ":dd&&&&&&& 4444К Vr***** J V,iR&^**^^&&**^>&*&*:4n&&&&^|&&j <4bnjl0KK$j&  $L0QI  0QMURI Reference List Books: Acoustics: Robert Urick, Principles of Underwater Sound, (Aug 1996). ISBN 0070660875. Blauert, Jens (Ed.) Communication Acoustics. Springer, 2005, ISBN: 3-540-22162-X Paul C. Etter, Underwater Acoustics Modeling and Simulation: Principles, Techniques, and Applications, (2003). Taylor and Francis, ISBN 0419262202. William S. Burdic, Underwater Acoustic System Analysis, (2002). Peninsula Publishing, Inc., ISBN 0932146635. Formerly published by Prentice Hall. L.M. Brekhovskikh and Yu P. Lysanov, Fundamentals of Ocean Acoustics, Springer-Verlag (1991). Finn Jensen, William Kuperman, Michael Porter, and Hernik Schmidt, Computational Ocean Acoustics, Springer-Verlag (2000). Boris G. Katsnelson and Valery G. Petnikov, Shallow Water Acoustics, Springer (2002). Ding Lee, Martin H. Schultz, Numerical Ocean Acoustic Propagation in three-dimensions, World Scientific (1995). Herman Medwin and Clarence S. Clay, Fundamentals of Acoustical Oceanography, Academic Press (1998). List of books says "Covers ocean acoustics quite broadly but is particularly useful for material on scattering by objects, bubbles, and boundaries." Andrea Caiti, Jean-Pierre Hermand, Sergio Jesus, Michael Porter, Experimental Acoustic Inversion Methods for exploration of the shallow-water environment, Kluwer (2000). Emphasizes experimental work. Lots of interesting applications such as monitoring sea-grass oxygen production and internal tides Nicholas G. Pace and Finn B. Jensen, Impact of Littoral Environmental Variability on Acoustic Predictions and Sonar Performance, Kluwer (2002) George Frisk, Ocean and Seabed Acoustics: A theory of wave propagation, Prentice-Hall (1994).( A mathematical treatment, emphasizing stratified problems. Orest Diachok, Andrea Caiti, Peter Gerstoft, and Henrik Schmidt, Full-field inversion methods in ocean and seismo-acoustics, Kluwer (1995) Dale Ellis, John Preston, Heinz Urban, Ocean Reverberation, Kluwer (1993). Nicholas G. Pace and Finn B. Jensen, Impact of Littoral Environmental Variability on Acoustic Predictions and Sonar Performance, Kluwer (2002). Michael B. Porter, Martin Siderius, and William A. Kuperman, High Frequency Ocean Acoustics, AIP (2004).( Snapshot of HF acoustics research including marine mammals, acoustic comms, geoacoustic inversion, propagation modeling, and ambient noise. Allan R. Robinson and Ding Lee, Oceanography and Acoustics, AIP (1994).( A key reference if your looking for the connection between oceanographic features and their acoustic impact. APL-UW. 1994. High-Frequency Ocean Environmental Acoustics Models Handbook. APL-UW TR 9407, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, 210 p. http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/navy/docs/fun/part08.htm. Appears to be an on-line book on underwater acoustics in part08.htm. part01.htm, part02.htm, etc. Check out web site Books: Wireless (Terrestrial) G.D. Durgin, Space-Time Wireless Channels, 2003, Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-065647-X S.R. Saunders, Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communication Systems, 1999, Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-98609-7 H.L. Bertoni, Radio Propagation for Modern Wireless Systems, 2000, Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-026373-7. J.A. Ogilvy, Theory of Wave Scattering from Random Rough Surfaces, Adam Hilger, Philadelphia, 1991. J.D. Parsons, The Mobile Radio Propagation Channel, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1992. Journal: Wireless (Terrestrial) Propagation BelloP.A. Bello, "Characterization of random time-varying linear channels," IEEE Trans Commun. Sys., pp. 360-393, Dec 1963.BrownG.S. Brown, "Rough surface scattering" (EE6104), Course Notes, Tech. Rpt., Virginia Tech, Fall 1997.DurginG.D. Durgin and T.S. Rappaport, "Spatial channel modeling for wireless communications," in Wireless Communications for the New Millenium, R. Kohno and S. Sampei (eds), Kluwer, Boston, 2000.DurginG.D. Durgin, S. Sampei, and N. Morinaga, "Computer simulation of multiple transmitter, multiple receiver wireless channels," in YRP Wireless Summit, Yokosuka, Japan, July 2001.GansM.J. Gans, "A power-spectral theory of propagation in the mobile radio environment," IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technology, vol. VT-21, no. 1, pp. 27-38, 1972.HashemiH. Hashemi, "Simulation of the urban radio propagation channel," IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technology, vol. VT-28, no. 3, Aug 1979.HashemiH. Hasemi, "The indoor rapdio propagation channel," Proc. IEEE, vol. 81, pp. 943-968, 1993.TurinG.L. Turin et al, "A statistical model of urban multipath propagation," IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technology, vol. VT-37, pp. 1-9, 1972.LevyM.F. Levy, "Diffraction studies in urban environments with wide-angle parabolic method," Electronics Letters, vol. 28, pp. 1491-1492, 1992.LampardG. Lampard and T. Vu-Dinh, "The effect of terrain on radio propagation in urban microcells," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol, vol. 42, pp. 314-317, 1993. LevyM.F. Levy, "Parabolic modeling of propagation over irregular terrain," Electron. Lett., vol. 26, pp. 1153-1155, 1990.PiazziL. Piazzi and H.L. Bertone, "Effect of terrain on path loss in urban environments for wireless applications," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 46, pp. 1138-1147, 1998.WhitmanG.M. Whitman, F. Schwering, A.A. Triolo, and N.Y. Cho, "A transport theory of pulse propagation in a strongly forward scattering random medium," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 44, pp. 118-128, 1996.TorricoS.A. Torrico, H.L. Bertoni, and R.H. Lang, "Modeling tree effects on path loss in a residential environment," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 44, pp. 118-128, 1996.RizikK. Rizik, J.F. Wagen, and F. Gardiol, "Two-dimensional ray-tracing modeling for propagation prediction in microcellular environments," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat, vol. 46, pp. 508-517, 1997.ErcegV. Erceg, S.J. Fortune, J. Ling, A.J. Rostako, and R.A. Valenzuela, "Comparison of a computer-based propagation prediction tool with experimental data collected in urban microcellular environments," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 15, pp. 677-684, 1997.KimS.C. Kim, B.J. Guarino, Jr., T.M. Wllis III, V. Erceg, S.J. Fortune, R. Valenzuela, L.W. Thomas, and J.D. Moore, "Radio propagation measurements and prediction using three dimensional ray tracing in urban environments at 908 MHz and 1.9 GHz," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 48, pp. 931-946, 1999.LiangG. Liang and H.L. Bertoni, "A new approach to 3-D ray tracing for propagation prediction in cities," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 46, pp. 853-863, 1998.KurnerT. Kurner, D.J. Cichon, and W. Wiesbeck, "Concepts and results for 3D digital terrain-based wave propagation models: An overview," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 11, pp 1002-1012, 1993.ValenzuelaR.A. Valenzuela, "A ray tracing approach to predicting indoor wireless transmission," Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf., pp. 214-218, 1993. Journal Articles: Selected General KailathT. Kailath, "Measurements on time-variant communication channels," IEEE Tran. Information Theory, vol. 8, pp. 229-236, 1962 This paper was referenced in FAU thesis as one of the major ways of looking at things and connected this early paper to the underwater scattering function question.KailathT. Kailath, "Time-variant communications channels," IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory," vol. IT-9, pp. 233-237, 1963. As above - FAU thesis referenceNguyenL-.T. Nguyen, B. Senadji, and B. Boashash, " Scattering function and time-frequency signal processing," Proc IEEE Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ISASSP '01), vol. 6, pp. 3597-3600, May 2001.ArtesH. Artes, G. Matz and F. Hlawatsch, "Unbiased scattering function estimators for underspread channels and extension to data-driven operation," IEEE Trans. Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 52, pp. 1387-1402, 2004.MehtaS. Mehta and E.L. Titlebaum, "A new method for measurement of the target and channel scattering functions using Costas arrays and other frequency hop signals," Proc. ICASSP, pp. 1337-1340, Toronto, CA, Apr 1991.RickerD.W. Ricker and M.J. Gustafson, "A low sidelobe technique for the direct measurement of scattering functions," IEEE J. Ocean. Eng., Vol. 21, pp. 14-23, 1996.GaarderN.T. Gaarder, "Scattering function estimation," IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol 14, pp. 684-693, 1968. Journal Articles: Underwater Acoustic Propagation The SWARM Group (Apel et al.), "An Overview of the 1995 SWARM Shallow Water Internal Wave Acoustic Scattering Experiment," corresponding author on manuscript, IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. 22(3), pp. 465-501(1996).BachmanBachman, R.T., Acoustic and Physical Property Relationships in Marine Sediment; J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 78, pp. 616-62, 1985Bjerrum-NieseC. Bjerrum-Niese, L. Bjorno, M. Pinto, B. Quellec, "A simulation tool for high data rate acoustic communication in a shallow water, time-varying channel, IEEE Journal of Oceanic engineering, Vol.21, N2, April 1996BradleyM. Bradly, J. Simmen, and S. Forsythe, "Frequency dependence of broadband propagation in coastal regions," J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., vol. 10, pp. 3361-3370, 1997.BrownN.R. Brown, T.G. Leighton and S.D. Richards, "Measurement of the viscous sound absorption due to sediments suspended in water," In preparation for IEEE J. Ocean Eng.BuckerH.P. Bucker, "A simple e-D Gaussian beam sound propagation model for shallow water," J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., vol. 95, 1994.CaruthersCaruthers, J.W, S. Stanic, and P. Elmore, Acoustic attenuation in very shallow water due to the presence of bubbles in rip currents, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. vol. 106, pp. 617-625, 1999.CastorKaelig Castor, Peter Gerstoft, Philippe Roux, W. A. Kuperman and B.E. McDonald, "Long-range propagation of finite-amplitude acoustic waves in an ocean waveguide," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. vol. 116, pp. 2004-2010, 2004. Paper considers long range propagation (very long) under source explosions. Non-linear effects are emphasized. ChenChen, C. T. and Millero, F. J., "Speed of Sound in Seawater at High Pressures," J Acoust Soc Am., vol. 62, pp. 1129-1135, 1977ChuPeter C. Chu, Michael Cornelius and Mel Wagstaff, "Effect of Suspended Sediment on Acoustic Detection Using Reverberation," Marine Technology Society Journal, vol. 39, pp. 105-109, 2005.CulverCulver, R.L. and D.L. Bradley, "On the relationship between signal bandwidth and correlation for surface forward scattered signals," Proceedings of the ONR High-frequency Ocean Acoustics Conference, La Jolla, CA (2004)CulverCulver, R.L., D.L. Bradley and J.G. Keranen, On the relationship between signal bandwidth and coherence for ocean surface forward scattered signals, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 113, 2334 (2003).CulverCulver, R.L., D.L. Bradley and J. Reeves, Temporal coherence of acoustic signals propagating through the near surface bubble layer, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 112, 2424 (2002).DowlingD. Dowling and D.R. Jackson, "Coherence of acoustic scattering from a dynamic rough surface," J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., vol 93, pp. 3149-3157, 1993.FarmerD. M. Farmer and S. Vagle, Waveguide propagation of ambient sound in the ocean-surface bubble layer, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 86, pp. 18971908, 1989 FruehaufN. Fruehauf and J.A. Rice. System design aspects of a steerable directional acoustic communications transducer for autonomous undersea systems. In OCEANS, volume 1, pages 565 573. IEEE, 2000.Jeffrey W. Gartner, "Estimation of suspended solids concentrations based on acoustic backscatter intensity: Theoretical background," Turbidity and Other Sediment Surrogates Workshop, April 30 May 2, 2002, Reno, NV Not much here.GilbertGilbert, K.E., "A stochastic model for scattering from the near-surface oceanic bubble layer," J. Acoustc. Soc. Am., vol. 94, pp. 3325-3334, 1993GilbertGilbert, K.E., Reflection of Sound from a Randomly Layered Ocean Bottom; J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 68, pp. 1454-1458, 1980GoodmanGoodman, R., J. Caruthers, S. Stanic, and M. Wilson, "Observation of high frequency sound propagation in shallow water with bubbles due to storm and surf," IEEE J. Ocean. Eng., vol. 25, pp. 1-6, 2000.GreavesGreaves, R.J., and R.A. Stephen, "Low-grazing-angle monostatic acoustic reverberation from rough and heterogeneous seafloors," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 108, pp. 1013-1025, 2000.HamiltonHamilton, E.L. and R.T. Bachman, Sound Velocity and Related Properties of Marine Sediments; J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 72, pp. 1891- 1904, 1982.HenyeyF. S. Henyey, "Corrections to Foldy's effective medium theory for propagation in bubble clouds and other collections of very small scatterers," J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 105, 2149-2154, 1999.HoweG.S. Howe, O.R. Hinton, A.E. Adams, and A.G.J. Holt, "Acoustic burst transmission of high rate data through shallow water channels," Electron. Lett;, vol. 28, pp. 449-451, 1992.JurdakRaja Jurdak, Cristina Videira Lopes, Pierre Baldi, " Comparative Analysis and Experimental Study on Wireless Aerial and Underwater Acoustic Communications" Paper from web site. UC Irvine. However, very useful as summary of acoustic modems and some of their limitations. Includes references from 2006KeenanKeenan, R. E., 2000. An introduction to GRAB eigenrays and CASS reverberation and signal excess. Proceedings on IEEE/MTS Oceans 2000, 6 pages (in CD Rom). 11-14 September 2000, Providence Rhode Island. CASS is the Navys standard model for acoustic and sonar analysis.KeenanKeenan, R. E. and H. Weinberg, "Gaussian ray bundle (GRAB) model shallow water acoustic workshop implementation," J Comput Acoust. vol. 9, pp. 133-148, 2001.KermanKerman, B., Underwater sound generation by breaking wind waves, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 75, pp. 149-165, 1984.KilfoyleD.B. Kilfoyle and A.B. Baggeroer, "The state of the art in underwater acoustic telemetry," IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., vol. 25, pp. 4-27, 2000.LeroyLeroy, C.C., "Development of Simple Equations for Accurate and More Realistic Calculation of the Sound Speed in Sea Water," J Acoust Soc Am., vol. 46, pp. 216-226, 1969.LinkLink, C.J. and R.L. Culver, Scattering Function Characterization of Underwater Acoustic Channels, J. Acoust. Soc. Am, November 28, 1995, St. Louis, MO.LynchJ.F. Lynch, J.H. Miller, and C.S. Chiu, "Phase and Travel-Time Variability of Adiabatic Acoustic Normal Modes Due to Scattering from a Rough Sea Surface, with Applications to Propagation in Shallow Water and High-Latitude Regions," J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 85(1), 83-89, (1989).LynchThe SWARM group (J.Lynch et al) The New Jersey shallow water acoustic random medium propagation experiment:SWARM," in Shallow Water Acoustics, R.Zhang and J. Zhou (eds), China Ocean Press, pp.213-218 (1997)LynchJ.Lynch, "Report on the Office of Naval Research Shallow-Water Acoustic Workshop ," WHOI Technical Report WHOI-97-12, (1997).LynchJ.F. Lynch and R. Headrick, "Low-frequency acoustic transmissions through coastal internal waves: the SWARM experiment." WHOI Annual Report, pp. 6-7, 1996.LynchJ.F. Lynch, G.V. Frisk, C.S. Chiu and J.H. Miller, "Scattering Off Rough Boundaries in ray and Normal Mode Theory with APplications to Ocean Acoustic Tomography Shallow Water Acoustics," in Multiple Scattering of Waves in Random Media and Random Rough Surfaces, edited by V.V. Varadan and V.K. Varadan (Technomic, Lancaster, PA 1986).NewhallA.E. Newhall, J.F. Lynch, C.S. Chiu and J.R. Daugherty, "Improvements in Three Dimensional Raytracing Codes for Underwater Acoustics," Computational Acoustics, Vol. I, 169-185, (1990).NovariniNovarini, J., R. Keiffer, and G. Norton, A model for variations in the range and depth dependence of the sound speed and attenuation induced by bubble clouds under wind-driven seas, IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., vol. 23, pp. 423-438, 1998 Pacheco C. Pacheco and R. Snieder, " Time-lapse travel time change of multiply scattered acoustic waves," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. vol. 118 , pp. 1300-1310, 2005 Not really underwater acoustics but rather other applications. Probably not worth including. ProakisJ.Proakis, E.Sozer, J.Rice and M.Stojanovic, "Shallow Water Acoustic Networks,'' IEEE Communications Magazine, vol.39, No.11, November 2001, pp.114-119. Posted at .ProsperettiProsperetti, A., N. Lu, and H. Kim, "Active and passive acoustic behavior of bubble clouds at the oceans surface," J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 93, pp. 3117-3127, 1993RajanRajan, S.D., and G.V. Frisk, Seasonal Variations of the Sediment Compressional Wave-Speed Profile in the Gulf of Mexico; J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 91, pp. 127-135, 1992.RichardsS. D. Richards, T. G. Leighton, "Acoustic sensor performance in coastal waters: solid suspensions and bubbles," in TG Leighton, GJ Heald, HD Griffiths, G Griffiths, (eds.), Acoustical Oceanography, Proc. Institute of Acoustics Vol. 23 Part 2, 2001. SKT: Says ray-based sonar model for microbubbles and suspended particles in coastal watersRichardsS.D. Richards and T.G. Leighton, "Acoustic sensor performance in coastal waters: solid suspensions and bubbles." 2001. RomondRomond, R., R.L. Culver, and D.L. Bradley, Effects of the propagating environment on coherence of underwater broadband acoustic signals, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 113, 2333 (2003).SozerE.Sozer, M.Stojanovic and J.Proakis, "Underwater Acoustic Networks," IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, vol.25, No.1, January 2000, pp.72-83. Posted at .StephenStephen, R.A., Optimum and standard beam widths for numerical modeling of interface scattering problems, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 107, pp. 1095-1102, 2000.StephenRalph Stephen and Tom Bolmer, Notes for Geoacoustic_TDFD, revised Oct 20, 2004. Appears to be a technical memo - perhaps submitted for publication. Authors are from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. These notes were written to help users run the WHOI TDFD (Time Domain Finite Difference) elastic wave equation code that was prepared for distribution through the SAIC Ocean Acoustics Library. StojanovicM.Stojanovic, Retrofocusing Techniques for High Rate Acoustic Communications, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol.117 (3), Pt.1, March 2005, pp.1173-1185. Posted at The performance of so-obtained focusing techniques is compared to the standard ones on a shallow water channel operating in a 5 kHz bandwidth around a 15 kHz center frequencyStojanovicM. Stojanovic, "Recent advances in high-speed underwater acoustic communications," IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., vol 21, Apr 1996, pp 125-136.StrasbergM. Strasberg, Gas bubbles as sources of sound in water, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 28, pp. 2026, 1956. TemkinTemkin, S., Attenuation and dispersion of sound in bubbly fluids via the Kramers-Kronig relations, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 211, pp. 61-72, 1990.TerrillTerrill, E. and W. Melville, "Sound speed measurements in the surface-wave layer," J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 102, pp. 2,607-2,625, 1997TerrillTerrill, E. J., and W. K. Melville, Sound-speed measurements in the surface wave layer, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 102, pp. 26072625, 1997.TerrillTerrill, E. and W. Melville, Sound speed measurements in the surface-wave layer, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 102, pp. 2,607-2,625, 1997. VialaChristophe Viala, Claire Noel, and Gerard Lapierre, "Simulation of acoustic signal in time-varying multipath underwater channel", Underwater Acoustics for Deep Sea Applications, June 17th, 2002. Documentation about RAYSON program is available on web :  HYPERLINK http://semantic-ts.fr/ http://semantic-ts.fr/WeberWeber, T., D.L. Bradley, R.L. Culver, and A. Lyons, "Laboratory measurements of the 1st and 3nd moments of propagation through bubbles in a flow," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114, 2371 (2003).WeberThomas C. Weber, "Acoustic propagation through bubble clouds," Ph.D. Thesis, Pennsylvania State University, May 2006WeinbergWeinberg, H., and R. E. Keenan, "Gaussian ray bundles for modeling high frequency propagation loss under shallow water condition." J Acoust SocAm., Vol. 100, pp. 1421-1431, 1996YeYe, Z. and L. Ding, "Acoustic dispersion and attenuation relations in bubbly mixture," J. Acoust. Soc. Am.,vol. 98, pp. 1629-1636, 1995Zin Yi, "Acoustic scattering by periodic arrays of air-bubbles," Acta Acustica vol. 89, pp. 435-444, 2003. Very good overview. Also available on-line at http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0411005 Journal Articles: Underwater Networks ShannonC. E. Shannon. A mathematical theory of communication, Bell System Technical Journal, volume 27, pp. 379-423 and 623-656, July and October, 1948. AkyildizIan F. Akyildiz, Dario Pompili, Tommaso Melodia, "Challenges for Efficient Communication in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks," ACM Sigbed Review, Vol. 1, Number 2, July 2004.AkyildizIan F. Akyildiz, Dario Pompili, Tommaso Melodia, "Underwater acoustic sensor networks: research challenges," Ad Hoc Networks vol. 3 (2005) pp. 257279CuiJun-Hong Cui, Jiejun Kong, Mario Gerla, Shengli Zhou (Univ. Connecticut), "Challenges: Building Scalable and Distributed Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) for Aquatic Applications," UCONN CSE Technical Report: UbiNet-TR05-02.GibsonJ. Gibson, A. Larraza, J. Rice, K. Smith, and G. Xie, "On the Impacts and Benefits of Implementing Full-Duplex Communications Links in an Underwater Acoustic Network," , Naval Postgraduate School. Discusses shallow water acoustic communications systems.HeidemannJohn Heidemann, Yuan Li, Affan Syed, Jack Wills, and Wei Ye, "Underwater Sensor Networking: Research Challenges and Potential Applications," USC/ISI Technical Report ISI-TR-2005-603 (USC Information Sciences Institute)HeidemannJohn Heidemann, Wei Ye, Jack Wills, Affan Syed, and Yuan Li, "Research Challenges and Applications for Underwater Sensor Networking". In Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, IEEE. April, 2006.NelisseM.W. Nelisse, "Networking considerations for acoustic communications within multi-node underwater sensing networks," Proc 7th European Conference on Underwater Acoustics, ECUA 2004, Delft, The Netherlands, July 2004.SozerEthem M. Sozer, Milica Stojanovic, and John G. Proakis, "Underwater Acoustic Networks", IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, Vol. 25 (1), pp 72-83, Jan 2000.SyedAffan A. Syed and John Heidemann (USC - ISI), "Time Synchronization for High Latency Acoustic Networks," To appear, IEEE INFOCOM, April 2006, Barcelona, Spain Autonomous Vehicles NPSSean Kragelund (ed), 2003 Annual Report, NPS Center for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) Research, Navy Postgraduate School, Technical Report NPS-MAE-04-002, March 2004 Acoustics Software Boundary Element Method, Finite Element Method, Finite Difference MethodKirkupThe Boundary Element Method in Acoustics: HYPERLINK "http://www.boundary-element-method.com/acoustics"The whole book and some of the fortran codes are available online. (HYPERLINK "http://www.boundary-element-method.com/acoustics"Stephen M Kirkup, University Central Lancashire)WHOIHYPERLINK "http://www.hlsresearch.com/oalib/Other/GeoAcoustic_TDFD.tar"GeoAcoustic_TDFD: Time domain finite difference modeling in a numerical scattering chamber - acoustic, elastic and anelastic wave propagation and scattering in 2-D fluid/solid media with volume heterogeneity and surface/interface roughness. HYPERLINK "http://www.hlsresearch.com/oalib/Other/GeoAcoustic_TDFD/Documents/WHOI_TDFD_Notes.pdf"Users guide , HYPERLINK "http://www.hlsresearch.com/oalib/Other/GeoAcoustic_TDFD/Documents/plot_findif_1.pdf"Plotting users guide . Download HYPERLINK "http://www.hlsresearch.com/oalib/Other/GeoAcoustic_TDFD.tar"source in Fortran, plotting GUI in matlab and examples. (Ralph Stephen and Tom Bolmer, HYPERLINK "http://msg.whoi.edu/msg.html"Marine Seismology and Geoacoustics Group, WHOI) Woods HoleScrippsHYPERLINK "http://www.mpl.ucsd.edu/people/gerstoft/cabrillo/cabrillo.html"Cabrillo: Acoustic, elastic and poroelastic finite difference modeling of wavepropagation on a staggered grid using the Fourier Spectral method in the time domain. (HYPERLINK "http://www.mpl.ucsd.edu/people/gerstoft"Peter Gerstoft, Marine Physical Laboratory, Scripps Institution of Oceanography)HYPERLINK "http://www.hlsresearch.com/oalib/Other/fenl/fenl.html"FENL: Solution of the Helmholtz equation in an axially symmetric waveguide consisting of fluid layers overlying a rigid bottom, using the finite element technique. The above approach is used to simulate the propagation of sound waves due to a harmonic point source placed in the waveguide. HYPERLINK "http://www.hlsresearch.com/oalib/Other/fenl/fenl.tar"Download FENL (HYPERLINK "mailto:kampanis@iacm.forth.gr"Nikolaos Kampanis, FORTH, Greece ).Matched-Field Processing and InversionScrippsHYPERLINK "http://www.mpl.ucsd.edu/people/gerstoft/saga/saga.html"SAGA Seismo-Acoustic inversion using Genetic Algorithms: acoustic models are built-in for an automated inversion algorithm. (HYPERLINK "http://www.mpl.ucsd.edu/people/gerstoft"Peter Gerstoft, Marine Physical Laboratory, Scripps Institution of Oceanography)ScatteringNRLHYPERLINK "http://www.hlsresearch.com/oalib/Other/Scat_Strength.zip"Scatt_strength (zip file): Matlab routines to calculate the incoherent component of the bistatic scattering strength of the ocean surface (air-sea interface + bubble clouds) and bottom interface (Roger Gauss, NRL)HYPERLINK "http://www.ifremer.fr/sismer/program/octopus"OCTOPUS: Ocean Tomography Operational Package and Utilization Support, an European Mast project. Notice the ocean acoustic toolboxes (HYPERLINK "http://www.ifremer.fr/sismer/program/octopus/facoustic_toolbox.htm"Forward acoustic and HYPERLINK "http://www.ifremer.fr/sismer/program/octopus/iacoustic_toolbox.htm"Inversion-related acoustic) on this siteInternal WavesSAICWave: A code for calculating the internal wave eigen-frequencies and modes; Displacement and sound speed realizations. HYPERLINK "http://www.hlsresearch.com/oalib/Other/wave/wave.doc"Manual in MS-Word and the HYPERLINK "http://www.hlsresearch.com/oalib/Other/wave/wave.zip"zipped source code (HYPERLINK "mailto:RICHARD.B.EVANS@saic.com"Richard Evans, SAIC)HYPERLINK "http://www.es.ucsc.edu/%7Esmf/cafi/cafi.html"CAFI: Computation of Acoustic Fluctuations from Internal waves :This code calculates statistical effects of internal waves: both their effects within the geometrical optics approximation, and their diffractive effects. These internal-wave calculations are done by means of corrections to deterministic ray theory derived from path-integral techniques. (HYPERLINK "http://www.es.ucsc.edu/%7Esmf"Stan Flatte and HYPERLINK "mailto:glr@mpl.ucsd.edu"Galina Rovner).HLS ResearchHYPERLINK "http://www.hlsresearch.com/oalib/Other/demo"Demo: Demonstration codes of PE, normal mode, wavenumber integration, and ray models in Matlab with HYPERLINK "http://www.hlsresearch.com/oalib/Other/demo/MatMod.pdf"write-up on formulation. HYPERLINK "mailto:michael.porter@hlsresearch.com"Mike Porter, HLS Research HYPERLINK "http://www.hlsresearch.com/oalib/Other/JKPS/JKPS.html"JKPS: Errata and Problem Sets for Computational Ocean Acoustics HYPERLINK "http://www.springer-ny.com/"(Jensen, Kuperman, Porter, and Schmidt, Springer Verlag, 2000, out of print). These are included in the second printing. A revised version is expectedSeismic/seismological softwareHYPERLINK "http://www.cwp.mines.edu/software.html"Center for Wave Phenomena Software Library. The popular HYPERLINK "http://www.cwp.mines.edu/cwpcodes/index.html"Seismic Unix program can be found here. Seismic Unix is used for analysis of seismic exploration software.HYPERLINK "http://orfeus.knmi.nl/other.services/software.links.html"ORFEUS Seismological Software Library: a large collection of seismological software including ray models that should be useful for ocean acoustic applications.NRLHYPERLINK "http://www.hlsresearch.com/oalib/Modes/moatl/"MOATL MOdal Acoustic Transmission Loss program( (F. Ingenito, S. Wolf, J. Miller/Naval Research LaboratoryAustraliaHYPERLINK "http://www.hlsresearch.com/oalib/Modes/nlayer/"Nlayer Pedersen-Gordon underwater sound propagation-loss program( (Org. Naval Ocean Systems Center; PC version M. Hall/Defence Science and Technology Organization, Australia)HYPERLINK "http://www.hlsresearch.com/oalib/PE/for3d"FOR3D: 3D and 2D PE model (D. Lee et al./NUWC) (Feb. 24, 1996)HYPERLINK "http://www.hlsresearch.com/oalib/PE/MMPE"MMPE: Monterey-Miami PE model and HYPERLINK "http://www.hlsresearch.com/oalib/PE/mmpeintro.html"intro file. (HYPERLINK "mailto:kbsmith@nps.navy.mil"K. Smith/U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and F. Tappert/Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences) (updated Feb 18, 2003)HYPERLINK "http://www.hlsresearch.com/oalib/PE/PECan"PECan: PE Canadian style! Finite-element based algorithm (HYPERLINK "mailto:%20gbrooke@pinc.com"G. Brooke/DREA) (July, 2000U. MiamiHYPERLINK "http://www.hlsresearch.com/oalib/PE/UMPE"UMPE: University of Miami PE model and HYPERLINK "http://www.hlsresearch.com/oalib/PE/UMPE/UMPE.ps"User's Guide (the guide is also an excellent introduction to the PE approach ---MBP.) (K. Smith and F. Tappert) (May 2, 1998NRLHYPERLINK "ftp://ftp.ccs.nrl.navy.mil/pub/ram"RAM: for acoustic problems and RAMS for acousto-elastic problems (HYPERLINK "mailto:collins@noddy.nrl.navy.mil"M. Collins/NRL) (May 29, 1999)Ray Tracing Software (also ONR list)HYPERLINK "http://www.hlsresearch.com/oalib/Rays/harpo.htm"HARPO --- A 3D ray-tracing program for acoustic waves in the ocean( (R.M. Jones, J.P. Riley, HYPERLINK "mailto:tgeorges@etl.noaa.gov"T.M. Georges, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)Woods HoleHYPERLINK "http://www.hlsresearch.com/oalib/Rays/ray/"Ray (v.1.47) (J. Bowlin/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)( This code is apparently used by quite a few people but nobody is actively developing it further.( The master copy is from HYPERLINK "mailto:anewhall@whoi.edu"Arthur Newhall/WHOIWoods HoleHYPERLINK "http://www.hlsresearch.com/oalib/Rays/tech_report3.pdf"Ray tracing for Ocean Acoustic Tomography (HYPERLINK "mailto:dushaw@apl.washington.edu"Brian Dushaw/APL-Univ. Wash. and HYPERLINK "mailto:jcolosi@whoi.edu"John Colosi/WHOI).( Describes a Fortran ray model which follows closely the Bowlin ray code (written in C).NRLHYPERLINK "http://www.hlsresearch.com/oalib/Rays/trimain/"TRIMAIN: a range-dependent ray trace code (Orig. E.L. Wright/Hudson Labs/NRL)BELLHOP gaussian beam/finite element beam code( (M. Porter, Science Applications International Corp.) Fortran 77 or 90 source and Pentium executables in HYPERLINK "http://www.hlsresearch.com/oalib/Modes/AcousticsToolbox/"Acoustics Toolbox. (updated November 30, 2005)( Description of HYPERLINK "http://www.hlsresearch.com/oalib/Rays/ICTCP%20ray%20paper.tif"BELLHOP algorithmOtherONROffice of Naval Research HYPERLINK "http://oalib.saic.com/"Ocean Acoustics Libraryhttp://www.ualberta.ca/AICT/RESEARCH/NAG/FastfloDoc/Tutorial/html/node1.html This is an overview of Fastflo, a finite element package for the numerical solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) in two and three dimensions. Chapter 13 (http://www.ualberta.ca/AICT/RESEARCH/NAG/FastfloDoc/Tutorial/html/node109.html#s13) discusses basic math and provides information on the use of Fastfls for solving computational fluid dynamic problems. Chapter 20 (http://www.ualberta.ca/AICT/RESEARCH/NAG/FastfloDoc/Tutorial/html/node178.html#s20) applies those results to some specific computational fluid dynamics problems. Developed in Australia. Cetacean Research Technology HYPERLINK "http://www.eskimo.com/%7Ecetacean/software.html"Spectra Series spectral analysis software for bioacoustics and underwater acoustics HYPERLINK "http://www.soundsoft.demon.co.uk/" Fortran codes for the BEM in Acoustics{Boundary element method calculations}Ocean Acoustic Modeling in MatLab, Michael B. Porter, Science Applications International, La Jolla, CA. Goes through rays, modes, wavenumber integration, and parabolic equation approaches - mathematical procedures.Peter C. Chu, Michael Cornelius and Mel Wagstaff, "Effect of Suspended Sediment on Acoustic Detection Using Reverberation," Marine Technology Society Journal, vol. 39, pp. 105-109, 2005. Paper highlights use of CASS software with statements below. The Comprehensive Acoustic Simulation System (CASS) is the Navys standard model for acoustic and sonar analysis. It incorporates the Gaussian Ray Bundle (GRAB) eigenray modes to predict range dependent acoustic propagation in the 150 Hz to 100 kHz frequency band (Keenan et al., 1996; Keenan and Weinberg, 2001). CASS contains several equations for sound speed conversions. The current OAML approved Sound Speed Algorithm (Chen and Millero, 1977; Millero and Li, 1994) has been incorporated into CASS. The Chen-Millero- Li equations compute sound speed based on depth, temperature, and salinity. The Chen- Millero-Li, Wilson (1969), and Leroy (1969) equations are all very close in the salinity range 30 ppt to 40 ppt. For lower salinities the Chen-Millero-Li equation should be used. Near shore off the coast of Louisiana may have salinity variability especially near the Mississippi Delta. Thus, the Chen-Millero-Li equations are used in this study. CASS simulates the sonar performance reasonably well in the littoral zone with given environmental input data, such as bottom type, sound speed profile and wind speed and accurate tilt angle of the sound source (Chu et al., 2002, 2005). CASS successfully modeled torpedo acoustic performance in shallow water exercises off the coast of Southern California and Cape Cod. Recently, CASS was used to simulate mine warfare systems performance in the fleet (Keenan et al., 1996), and for AN/SQQ-32 mine hunting detection and classification sonar. CASS calculates the reverberation in nested do loops, seven deep. Reverberation is a function of time and the inner loop collected all the reverberation contributions over the user-requested sampling times. There are two loops on eigenray paths, one for the paths connecting the transmitter to the scattering cell and the other for the paths connecting the scattering cell to the receiver. Since the reverberation is calculated in the time domain and there may be contributions in the same time bin from different ranges, the next loop increments the range. CASS combines the five possible eigenray paths at each range step and decides if the ray paths contribute to the reverberation time bin (Keenan, 2000). Naval Oceanographic Office Systems Integration Division. 1999a. Software Design Document for the Gaussian Ray Bundle (GRAB) Eigenray Propagation Model. OAML-SDD-74. Stennis Space Cneter, MS. Naval Oceanographic Office Systems Integration Division. 1999b. Software Requirements Specification for the Gaussian Ray Bundle (GRAB) Eigenray Propagation Model. OAML-SRS-74. Stennis Space Center, MS.  Navy-Related Presentations John R. Potter, Mandar Chitre & Shiraz Shahabudeen, Acoustic Research Lab, www.arl.nus.edu.sq (Not navy, Singapore). DTA Keynote. We have efficient and accurate propagation models with proven track records for range-dependent propagation, including bottom interactions Computational power has grown to allow real-time computation of complicated equalisation and coding schemes In Shallow Water Severe time-varying multi-path. There are no proven propagation models to track or predict Assumption of AWGN not valid. (Snapping shrimp in warm, shallow waters, COTS acoustic modems designed for deeper and/or colder waters perform poorly in tropical shallow water) Significant Doppler shifts Limited bandwidth High latency (Greatly increased difficulty in establishing ad-hoc networks, Wireless LAN and similar EM-based technologies do not transfer well to the underwater acoustics problem) Underwater Networking Underwater communication links have different characteristics when compared with wireless links: (Low data rates, Long latency, High bit error rates, Rapidly time-varying channel) Wireless networking protocols need significant modification for use in underwater environments Some points made Bottom reflection exhibits considerable arrival time jitter (~0.1ms) Multi-path fading channel Time-variation: Correlated errors in time! Impulse noise: Snapping shrimp produce impulse noise which is broadband in nature. Correlated errors in frequency ! Underwater Network Architecture Ad-hoc networking protocols are being developed and tested by a collaborative team from ARL, MIT and WHOI Key design challenges: Media Access Control (MAC) design for underwater networks, to optimize the use of limited bandwidth in a geographically localized region Route discovery and maintenance with low overhead in a highly dynamic environment High-rate reliable data transfer in the face of high bit error rates, long latencies and half-duplex linksONR: Ocean Acoustics (Code 321 BAA). The Ocean Acoustics Program supports research which addresses an understanding of the physics of the generation, propagation and scattering of narrowband and broadband acoustic (and elastic) waves in the temporally and spatially varying ocean environment. Research which uses acoustics solely as a tool to study other environmental processes should be proposed to the appropriate environmental programs (HYPERLINK "http://www.onr.navy.mil/sci_tech/32/321/coastal_geosciences.asp"Coastal Geosciences and HYPERLINK "http://www.onr.navy.mil/sci_tech/32/322/physical_oceanography.asp"Physical Oceanography) We may jointly support such efforts when a better understanding of the relevant acoustical propagation and scattering mechanisms are central to the research. In this case the investigator could also seek coordination of support from the appropriate environmental program officer. The Ocean Acoustics program contains three thrust areas. Brief descriptions of these thrusts are presented below. Shallow-Water Acoustics: the goal of this thrust is to understand the propagation and scattering of low-frequency (10 Hz to a few kHz) acoustic energy in a shallow-water ocean environment. Areas of research include: shallow-water scattering mechanisms related to reverberation and clutter, seabed acoustic measurements supporting geoacoustic inversion, acoustic propagation through internal waves and coastal ocean processes, and the development of unified ocean/ seabed/ acoustic models. High-Frequency Acoustics: the goal of this thrust is to understand the interaction of high-frequency (few kHz to thousand kHz) sound with the ocean environment, with a view towards mitigation and/or exploitation of the interactions in acoustic detection, classification, and communication systems. Components of this thrust include the propagation of sound through an intervening turbulent or stochastic medium; scattering from rough surfaces, biologics, and bubbles; and penetration/propagation within the porous seafloor. Deep-Water Acoustics: This thrust addresses issues associated with low-frequency acoustic propagation, scattering and communication over distances from tens to thousands of kilometers in the deep ocean where the sound channel may or may not be bottom limited. The effects of environmental variability induced by ocean internal waves, internal tides and mesoscale processes, and by bathymetric features including seamounts and ridges, on the stability, statistics, spatial distribution and predictability of broadband acoustic signals remain an area of high interest. Also of interest is the coherence and depth dependence of deep-water ambient noise.http://nmso.navy.mil/index.cfm?RID=MNS_N_1001157 Navy Modeling & Simulation Office: Acoustic System Performance Mode (ASPM). Verified 2006, submitted 1996?? The Acoustic System Performance Model (ASPM) is a system of prediction tools whose purpose is to predict the performance of active and passive acoustic systems over a wide range of environmental conditions, including littoral regions, in support of system concept evaluation, advance deployment planning, and at-sea operational or exercise support. ASPM is comprised of constituent models and databases, some of which are Navy standard. These models have been linked together to compute signal excess, probability of detection, beam reverberation, reverberation field density, target echo, ambient noise and transmission loss. The models are linked also to Navy standard data bases in a binary format, but may be driven by selected user-supplied environmental data as well. Transmission loss, as needed in the computation of echo and reverberation, is supplied by the Navy standard ASTRAL model, and ambient noise is provided by ANDES. The reverberation module within ASPM is in the process of becoming a Navy standard model. ASPM supports monostatic, bistatic and multistatic configurations in realistic, range varying ocean environments. An acoustic source or sensor may be a point element, a vertical or horizontal line array, or a cylindrical (volumetric) array. Active source emissions may have a variety of waveforms, including pulsed FM signals with large time bandwidth product and CW signals for Doppler processing. For representative modeling applications, system performance can be estimated over large ocean areas measuring over 600 nmi in diameter. ASPM runs primarily on the SUN and HP computers.Could not locate any info at this site. Navy Modeling & Simulation Office HYPERLINK "http://nmso.navy.mil/view_detail.cfm?RID=MNS_N_1000755"Active Raymode - Raymode - Active Model/Simulation Sponsor: NAVSEASYSCOM Verified: 7/14/2006 Summary: The active propagation-loss prediction programs described herein computes the two-way echo and reverberation losses along the propagation paths through the ocean medium between a receiver and targethttp://nmso.navy.mil/index.cfm?RID=MNS_N_1000501 Navy Modeling & Simulation Office: Advanced Underwater Acoustic Modeling Project Baseline Model (includes ASTRAL propagation loss model). Verified 2006, submitted 1996?? NRL: Not sure of data. May be old. ACOUSTIC SIMULATION, MEASUREMENTS AND TACTICS BAA 155 The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) conducts broad-based research in ocean acoustics to better understand the effects of the ocean environment on underwater acoustics, and to assess and predict how these environmental effects will impact the performance of Naval systems, operations, and missions. The "ocean environment" includes three-dimensional, time-evolving features such as rough air-sea interfaces, sub-surface bubbles and plumes, volume effects (e.g., internal waves, solitons, fluctuating media, biologics, pollutants, fronts, eddies), rough sea-floor interfaces, and ocean bottom and sub-bottom regions. "Underwater acoustics" includes all acoustic processes and interactions that can occur within the ocean environment (e.g., propagation, scatter, attenuation, dispersion, mode conversion, coherence, ambient noise and sediment penetration). "Naval systems, operations, and missions" include, but are not limited to, sonar systems, Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW), Mine Counter Measures (MCM), warfare effectiveness, and strategy and tactics optimization. Numerical techniques and computer codes are developed as required to support the Navy's need for improved ocean acoustics models and data bases and to provide supporting analysis for operational and tactical application of computer models. Current major areas of research interest include: (1) Acoustic Simulation and Modeling (e.g., theoretical formulations, computational acoustics, numerical modeling, inverse methods, stochastic methods, visualization, and scalable computer and supercomputer code development); (2) Warfare Effectiveness (i.e., research in advanced methods of assessing environmental impact on Naval missions and strategy optimization); (3) High-Frequency Acoustics (i.e., MCM and weapons frequencies as related to the effect of the environment on the performance of Navy sonar systems, including the effects of the medium coherence, bottom roughness, sediment composition, clutter and their effects on advanced imaging techniques); and, (4) Coastal Acoustics, as related to the application of sophisticated signal processing methodologies (e.g., matched field processing and high-order spectral techniques), to determine the limits and variability of harsh environments on the performance of Navy sonar systems. Other research interests include: a) The combination of acoustics with other sensing techniques, such as optics, magnetics, electromagnetics,hydrodynamics, geophysics and others for both ASW and MCM applications; (b) Acoustic environmental characterizations, data base modeling, and analysis of those aspects of the marine environment relevant to acoustic propagation; and (c) coupled target-waveguide modeling and target recognition, classification, and discrimination. Proposals for evolutionary improvements are inappropriate under BAA authority and are not desired. Address Initial Proposals to Code 7180, e-mail HYPERLINK "mailto:chinbing@nrlssc.navy.mil"chinbing@nrlssc.navy.mil, telephone (228) 688-4798, or, e-mail HYPERLINK "mailto:j.mcdermid@nrlssc.navy.mil"j.mcdermid@nrlssc.navy.mil, telephone (228) 688-5254. Allow one month before requesting confirmation of receipt of Initial Proposal, if confirmation is desired. Substantive contact should not take place prior to evaluation of an Initial Proposal by NRL. If necessary, NRL will initiate substantive contac Groups ME Dept BUWork in bubble clouds and big DARPA project for new hydrophones.Acoustics in Bubbly Media Increased understanding of sound's interaction with the real ocean environment is sought via theoretical and experimental pursuits. Specifically, we seek to further understand the effects of bubbles and bubble clouds on sound propagation, with practical applications in shallow-water sonar and minehunting. Bubbles and bubble clouds are generated in the near surface layer of the ocean due to both natural processes and human activities. Common examples are breaking waves, biologics and ship wakes. Faculty:( Ron Roy, William CareyHydrophones This project, which is part of a large research program funded by DARPA, concerns the development of a new generation of acoustic underwater sensors. Such sensor systems will increase the measurable signal through the use of acoustic horns, microresonator cavities, and optical sensing. Devices will be fabricated using bulk and surface micromachining techniques, and will be designed and modeled using advanced acoustic analysis techniques. 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